Statistics for: packages.ros.orgAwstats Web Site
Last Update: 05 Jan 2025 - 18:24
Reported period:Month Oct 2024

When: Monthly history   Days of month   Days of week   Hours  
Who: Countries   Full list   Hosts   Full list   Last visit   Unresolved IP Address   Robots/Spiders visitors   Full list   Last visit  
Navigation: Visits duration   File type   Downloads   Full list   Viewed   Full list   Entry   Exit   Operating Systems   Versions   Unknown   Browsers   Versions   Unknown  
Referrers: Origin   Referring search engines   Referring sites   Search   Search Keyphrases   Search Keywords  
Others: Miscellaneous   HTTP Status codes   Error Hits (400)   Error Hits (403)   Error Hits (404)  

Summary  
Reported period Month Oct 2024
First visit 01 Oct 2024 - 00:00
Last visit 31 Oct 2024 - 22:10
 Unique visitorsNumber of visitsPagesHitsBandwidth
Viewed traffic *843,959
 
3,185,024
(3.77 visits/visitor)
15,197,269
(4.77 Pages/Visit)
69,403,207
(21.79 Hits/Visit)
16030.23 GB
(5277.48 KB/Visit)
Not viewed traffic * 
 
2,789,0603,972,821963.27 GB
* Not viewed traffic includes traffic generated by robots, worms, or replies with special HTTP status codes.

 
Monthly history  
  Unique visitors: 835197Number of visits: 3380682Pages: 14999657Hits: 65377737Bandwidth: 14053.51 GB Unique visitors: 711359Number of visits: 2832931Pages: 13875385Hits: 61016731Bandwidth: 13251.19 GB Unique visitors: 798692Number of visits: 3124726Pages: 14064786Hits: 58072316Bandwidth: 12755.17 GB Unique visitors: 800395Number of visits: 3160810Pages: 15554771Hits: 61343562Bandwidth: 14116.17 GB Unique visitors: 812613Number of visits: 3183029Pages: 16891239Hits: 64660629Bandwidth: 18310.70 GB Unique visitors: 776262Number of visits: 3048545Pages: 14286383Hits: 61815360Bandwidth: 18537.66 GB Unique visitors: 774362Number of visits: 3011158Pages: 12723310Hits: 59063977Bandwidth: 14174.49 GB Unique visitors: 753900Number of visits: 2926058Pages: 11682075Hits: 60390647Bandwidth: 13682.98 GB Unique visitors: 783655Number of visits: 3008399Pages: 13323768Hits: 61975367Bandwidth: 14027.47 GB Unique visitors: 843959Number of visits: 3185024Pages: 15197269Hits: 69403207Bandwidth: 16030.23 GB Unique visitors: 848310Number of visits: 3203774Pages: 15819031Hits: 65337486Bandwidth: 15203.92 GB Unique visitors: 787008Number of visits: 2944655Pages: 14501063Hits: 65307689Bandwidth: 13842.34 GB  
 Jan
2024
Feb
2024
Mar
2024
Apr
2024
May
2024
Jun
2024
Jul
2024
Aug
2024
Sep
2024
Oct
2024
Nov
2024
Dec
2024
 

MonthUnique visitorsNumber of visitsPagesHitsBandwidth
Jan 2024835,1973,380,68214,999,65765,377,73714053.51 GB
Feb 2024711,3592,832,93113,875,38561,016,73113251.19 GB
Mar 2024798,6923,124,72614,064,78658,072,31612755.17 GB
Apr 2024800,3953,160,81015,554,77161,343,56214116.17 GB
May 2024812,6133,183,02916,891,23964,660,62918310.70 GB
Jun 2024776,2623,048,54514,286,38361,815,36018537.66 GB
Jul 2024774,3623,011,15812,723,31059,063,97714174.49 GB
Aug 2024753,9002,926,05811,682,07560,390,64713682.98 GB
Sep 2024783,6553,008,39913,323,76861,975,36714027.47 GB
Oct 2024843,9593,185,02415,197,26969,403,20716030.23 GB
Nov 2024848,3103,203,77415,819,03165,337,48615203.92 GB
Dec 2024787,0082,944,65514,501,06365,307,68913842.34 GB
Total9,525,71237,009,791172,918,737753,764,708177985.83 GB


   
Days of month  
Number of visits: 114999Pages: 535235Hits: 2702315Bandwidth: 593.94 GB Number of visits: 108583Pages: 620974Hits: 2654666Bandwidth: 733.10 GB Number of visits: 100032Pages: 479922Hits: 2095206Bandwidth: 456.05 GB Number of visits: 99973Pages: 464695Hits: 2514218Bandwidth: 628.89 GB Number of visits: 75919Pages: 319425Hits: 1374456Bandwidth: 299.37 GB Number of visits: 78202Pages: 351355Hits: 1444439Bandwidth: 262.64 GB Number of visits: 104340Pages: 500692Hits: 2670484Bandwidth: 557.87 GB Number of visits: 105341Pages: 530588Hits: 2548495Bandwidth: 536.15 GB Number of visits: 115751Pages: 541490Hits: 2826672Bandwidth: 699.68 GB Number of visits: 112471Pages: 578708Hits: 2770593Bandwidth: 658.68 GB Number of visits: 112911Pages: 562761Hits: 2541659Bandwidth: 554.61 GB Number of visits: 80454Pages: 360389Hits: 1378514Bandwidth: 306.43 GB Number of visits: 99314Pages: 448211Hits: 1755365Bandwidth: 337.41 GB Number of visits: 110732Pages: 519784Hits: 2539250Bandwidth: 523.98 GB Number of visits: 108452Pages: 537915Hits: 2469365Bandwidth: 547.55 GB Number of visits: 115207Pages: 497962Hits: 2567783Bandwidth: 515.33 GB Number of visits: 119194Pages: 502760Hits: 2503522Bandwidth: 525.94 GB Number of visits: 104433Pages: 442940Hits: 2291160Bandwidth: 650.32 GB Number of visits: 74269Pages: 366505Hits: 1340412Bandwidth: 289.30 GB Number of visits: 100300Pages: 510087Hits: 1862709Bandwidth: 575.33 GB Number of visits: 121890Pages: 670273Hits: 3029465Bandwidth: 771.40 GB Number of visits: 138790Pages: 741015Hits: 3290845Bandwidth: 774.23 GB Number of visits: 120955Pages: 644673Hits: 2742614Bandwidth: 757.03 GB Number of visits: 111391Pages: 529306Hits: 2332429Bandwidth: 642.86 GB Number of visits: 99234Pages: 458245Hits: 2048901Bandwidth: 483.18 GB Number of visits: 77771Pages: 314510Hits: 1265916Bandwidth: 231.52 GB Number of visits: 67844Pages: 262985Hits: 1061193Bandwidth: 187.90 GB Number of visits: 97009Pages: 434575Hits: 2020137Bandwidth: 460.34 GB Number of visits: 101967Pages: 492074Hits: 2341141Bandwidth: 470.43 GB Number of visits: 98124Pages: 488667Hits: 2160780Bandwidth: 463.28 GB Number of visits: 109172Pages: 488548Hits: 2258503Bandwidth: 535.49 GB  Number of visits: 102742.71Pages: 490234.48Hits: 2238813.13Bandwidth: 555236282762.65
01
Oct
02
Oct
03
Oct
04
Oct
05
Oct
06
Oct
07
Oct
08
Oct
09
Oct
10
Oct
11
Oct
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Oct
13
Oct
14
Oct
15
Oct
16
Oct
17
Oct
18
Oct
19
Oct
20
Oct
21
Oct
22
Oct
23
Oct
24
Oct
25
Oct
26
Oct
27
Oct
28
Oct
29
Oct
30
Oct
31
Oct
 Average

DayNumber of visitsPagesHitsBandwidth
01 Oct 2024114,999535,2352,702,315593.94 GB
02 Oct 2024108,583620,9742,654,666733.10 GB
03 Oct 2024100,032479,9222,095,206456.05 GB
04 Oct 202499,973464,6952,514,218628.89 GB
05 Oct 202475,919319,4251,374,456299.37 GB
06 Oct 202478,202351,3551,444,439262.64 GB
07 Oct 2024104,340500,6922,670,484557.87 GB
08 Oct 2024105,341530,5882,548,495536.15 GB
09 Oct 2024115,751541,4902,826,672699.68 GB
10 Oct 2024112,471578,7082,770,593658.68 GB
11 Oct 2024112,911562,7612,541,659554.61 GB
12 Oct 202480,454360,3891,378,514306.43 GB
13 Oct 202499,314448,2111,755,365337.41 GB
14 Oct 2024110,732519,7842,539,250523.98 GB
15 Oct 2024108,452537,9152,469,365547.55 GB
16 Oct 2024115,207497,9622,567,783515.33 GB
17 Oct 2024119,194502,7602,503,522525.94 GB
18 Oct 2024104,433442,9402,291,160650.32 GB
19 Oct 202474,269366,5051,340,412289.30 GB
20 Oct 2024100,300510,0871,862,709575.33 GB
21 Oct 2024121,890670,2733,029,465771.40 GB
22 Oct 2024138,790741,0153,290,845774.23 GB
23 Oct 2024120,955644,6732,742,614757.03 GB
24 Oct 2024111,391529,3062,332,429642.86 GB
25 Oct 202499,234458,2452,048,901483.18 GB
26 Oct 202477,771314,5101,265,916231.52 GB
27 Oct 202467,844262,9851,061,193187.90 GB
28 Oct 202497,009434,5752,020,137460.34 GB
29 Oct 2024101,967492,0742,341,141470.43 GB
30 Oct 202498,124488,6672,160,780463.28 GB
31 Oct 2024109,172488,5482,258,503535.49 GB
Average102,742490,2342,238,813517.10 GB
Total3,185,02415,197,26969,403,20716030.23 GB


 
Days of week  
Pages: 531331Hits: 2564834Bandwidth: 578.40 GB Pages: 567365.40Hits: 2670432.20Bandwidth: 584.46 GB Pages: 558753.20Hits: 2590503Bandwidth: 633.68 GB Pages: 515848.80Hits: 2392050.60Bandwidth: 563.80 GB Pages: 482160.25Hits: 2348984.50Bandwidth: 579.25 GB Pages: 340207.25Hits: 1339824.50Bandwidth: 281.66 GB Pages: 393159.50Hits: 1530926.50Bandwidth: 340.82 GB
MonTueWedThuFriSatSun

DayPagesHitsBandwidth
Mon531,3312,564,834578.40 GB
Tue567,3652,670,432584.46 GB
Wed558,7532,590,503633.68 GB
Thu515,8482,392,050563.80 GB
Fri482,1602,348,984579.25 GB
Sat340,2071,339,824281.66 GB
Sun393,1591,530,926340.82 GB


 
Hours  
Pages: 618052Hits: 2834585Bandwidth: 672.23 GB Pages: 693343Hits: 3386619Bandwidth: 822.02 GB Pages: 1026822Hits: 4659658Bandwidth: 877.04 GB Pages: 658253Hits: 2778290Bandwidth: 640.06 GB Pages: 755847Hits: 4079119Bandwidth: 940.71 GB Pages: 757378Hits: 4005336Bandwidth: 992.18 GB Pages: 1133839Hits: 3887003Bandwidth: 844.02 GB Pages: 853394Hits: 3643357Bandwidth: 1029.39 GB Pages: 828330Hits: 4248541Bandwidth: 1110.87 GB Pages: 686069Hits: 3714024Bandwidth: 1005.21 GB Pages: 1057101Hits: 3286761Bandwidth: 726.70 GB Pages: 780648Hits: 3536636Bandwidth: 852.14 GB Pages: 711984Hits: 4158417Bandwidth: 923.16 GB Pages: 534624Hits: 2734417Bandwidth: 586.16 GB Pages: 998998Hits: 3407839Bandwidth: 662.96 GB Pages: 654221Hits: 3420690Bandwidth: 753.51 GB Pages: 490277Hits: 3104838Bandwidth: 665.76 GB Pages: 347412Hits: 2040446Bandwidth: 473.05 GB Pages: 805250Hits: 2535019Bandwidth: 501.72 GB Pages: 362916Hits: 1941517Bandwidth: 445.15 GB Pages: 234102Hits: 1202801Bandwidth: 304.37 GB Pages: 138001Hits: 597024Bandwidth: 168.07 GB Pages: 66048Hits: 183437Bandwidth: 31.26 GB Pages: 4360Hits: 16833Bandwidth: 2.47 GB
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
0:00 - 1:00 am 1:00 - 2:00 am 2:00 - 3:00 am 3:00 - 4:00 am 4:00 - 5:00 am 5:00 - 6:00 am 6:00 - 7:00 am 7:00 - 8:00 am 8:00 - 9:00 am 9:00 - 10:00 am 10:00 - 11:00 am 11:00 - 12:00 am 0:00 - 1:00 pm 1:00 - 2:00 pm 2:00 - 3:00 pm 3:00 - 4:00 pm 4:00 - 5:00 pm 5:00 - 6:00 pm 6:00 - 7:00 pm 7:00 - 8:00 pm 8:00 - 9:00 pm 9:00 - 10:00 pm 10:00 - 11:00 pm 11:00 - 12:00 pm

HoursPagesHitsBandwidth
00618,0522,834,585672.23 GB
01693,3433,386,619822.02 GB
021,026,8224,659,658877.04 GB
03658,2532,778,290640.06 GB
04755,8474,079,119940.71 GB
05757,3784,005,336992.18 GB
061,133,8393,887,003844.02 GB
07853,3943,643,3571029.39 GB
08828,3304,248,5411110.87 GB
09686,0693,714,0241005.21 GB
101,057,1013,286,761726.70 GB
11780,6483,536,636852.14 GB
 
HoursPagesHitsBandwidth
12711,9844,158,417923.16 GB
13534,6242,734,417586.16 GB
14998,9983,407,839662.96 GB
15654,2213,420,690753.51 GB
16490,2773,104,838665.76 GB
17347,4122,040,446473.05 GB
18805,2502,535,019501.72 GB
19362,9161,941,517445.15 GB
20234,1021,202,801304.37 GB
21138,001597,024168.07 GB
2266,048183,43731.26 GB
234,36016,8332.47 GB


   
Countries (Top 10)   -   Full list  
 CountriesPagesHitsBandwidth 
usUnited Statesus3,423,21423,331,0394468.83 GB

esSpaines2,638,4473,931,482298.46 GB

cnChinacn1,837,8774,635,6742518.56 GB

UnknownUnknownunknown1,264,2115,372,6611360.62 GB

gbGreat Britaingb999,0522,621,784479.22 GB

jpJapanjp651,1953,565,581865.46 GB

deGermanyde553,4355,830,1431145.98 GB

inIndiain491,4582,074,713607.53 GB

hkHong Konghk489,575731,54162.25 GB

krSouth Koreakr449,9852,803,046756.48 GB

 Others2398820145055433466.84 GB 

 
Hosts (Top 10)   -   Full list   -   Last visit   -   Unresolved IP Address  
Hosts : 0 Known, 864,640 Unknown (unresolved ip)
843,959 Unique visitors
GeoIP
Country
PagesHitsBandwidthLast visit
216.182.104.14United States804,878804,93357.83 MB31 Oct 2024 - 22:11
202.66.126.154Hong Kong338,259340,408383.48 MB31 Oct 2024 - 22:11
183.61.62.46China179,591334,918120.58 GB31 Oct 2024 - 22:11
193.147.59.66Spain153,312174,6333.61 GB31 Oct 2024 - 19:59
119.136.207.101China140,299140,319424.47 GB22 Oct 2024 - 13:03
193.147.59.67Spain139,213160,5543.71 GB31 Oct 2024 - 19:59
119.136.206.49China129,937130,003393.15 GB25 Oct 2024 - 01:43
183.61.62.44China124,870233,08384.26 GB31 Oct 2024 - 22:11
150.249.244.41Japan114,366137,4457.26 GB31 Oct 2024 - 22:11
183.61.62.45China107,460200,20272.79 GB31 Oct 2024 - 22:10
Others 12,965,08466,746,70914919.96 GB 

 
Robots/Spiders visitors (Top 10)   -   Full list   -   Last visit  
37 different robots*HitsBandwidthLast visit
WGet tools395,004760.19 GB31 Oct 2024 - 22:01
FaceBook bot157,23731.16 GB31 Oct 2024 - 20:23
Unknown robot (identified by 'bot' followed by a space or one of the following characters _+:,.;/\-)101,98140.33 GB31 Oct 2024 - 22:06
SemrushBot39,9622.89 GB31 Oct 2024 - 22:03
Bingbot35,5476.51 GB31 Oct 2024 - 22:08
Python-urllib33,86113.64 GB31 Oct 2024 - 21:33
Perl tool30,43965.07 GB31 Oct 2024 - 20:59
Unknown robot (identified by 'crawl')17,0848.54 GB31 Oct 2024 - 21:12
Unknown robot (identified by 'spider')16,504132.68 MB31 Oct 2024 - 21:38
DotBot, Open Site Explorer14,2173.32 GB31 Oct 2024 - 21:02
Others27,29823.63 GB 
* Robots shown here gave hits or traffic "not viewed" by visitors, so they are not included in other charts.

   
Visits duration  
Number of visits: 3,185,024 - Average: 479 sNumber of visitsPercent
0s-30s2,329,87473.1 %
30s-2mn149,8584.7 %
2mn-5mn74,0482.3 %
5mn-15mn116,8253.6 %
15mn-30mn112,7933.5 %
30mn-1h229,0307.1 %
1h+173,6205.4 %

 
File type  
File typeHitsPercentBandwidthPercent
debPackage51,779,28874.6 %12331.09 GB77.6 %
Unknown15,105,19721.7 %1437.27 GB9 %
gzArchive2,292,9823.3 %2095.21 GB13.1 %
rpmPackage99,4300.1 %14.10 GB0 %
asc 34,2140 %26.81 MB0 %
xmlHTML or XML static page34,2100 %50.29 MB0 %
htmlHTML or XML static page33,9120 %757.96 MB0 %
dsc 10,2040 %11.04 MB0 %
gpgEncrypted document9,0200 %6.79 MB0 %
xz 4,0590 %412.32 MB0 %
key 5130 %591.69 KB0 %
db 810 %5.12 GB0 %
org 360 %7.15 KB0 %
bz2Archive280 %165.30 MB0 %
repo 180 %11.07 KB0 %
mirror 100 %1.19 KB0 %
shDynamic Html page or Script file50 %2.36 KB0 %

 
Downloads (Top 10)   -   Full list  
Downloads: 154773Hits206 HitsBandwidthAverage size
/ros2/ubuntu/dists/jammy/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz557,54413,180842.98 GB1.51 MB
/ros/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz515,3557,854397.06 GB795.76 KB
/ros/ubuntu/dists/bionic/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz382,6842,272287.84 GB784.04 KB
/ros/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/binary-i386/Packages.gz194,37889610.92 GB58.64 KB
/ros2/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3-colcon-core/python3-colcon-core...129,5771108.34 GB67.47 KB
/ros2/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/binary-amd64/Packages.gz120,8862,417135.41 GB1.12 MB
/ros2/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3-colcon-python-setup-py/python3-...96,53622606.85 MB6.44 KB
/ros2/ubuntu/dists/jammy/main/binary-arm64/Packages.gz95,814578141.13 GB1.50 MB
/ros2/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3-colcon-ros/python3-colcon-ros_0...91,994181.07 GB12.22 KB
/ros2/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3-catkin-pkg-modules/python3-catk...90,484363.64 GB42.18 KB

   
Pages-URL (Top 10)   -   Full list   -   Entry   -   Exit  
13,496 different pages-urlViewedAverage sizeEntryExit 
/ros2/ubuntu/dists/jammy/InRelease4,440,716741 Bytes1,236,3491,244,912


/ros/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease3,959,616830 Bytes1,139,043950,284


/ros2/ubuntu/dists/noble/InRelease2,814,928177 Bytes184,102185,356


/ros/ubuntu/dists/bionic/InRelease1,296,2631.81 KB209,912199,468


/ros2/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease1,293,118641 Bytes223,222407,950


/ros2/ubuntu/dists/bionic/InRelease472,12083 Bytes17,43027,410


/ros/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/binary-amd64/Packages458,4753.10 MB126317


/ros/ubuntu/dists/xenial/InRelease133,3722.41 KB82,68072,604


/ros2/ubuntu/dists/xenial/InRelease39,748137 Bytes2,1942,866


/ros-testing/ubuntu/dists/focal/InRelease32,3781.72 KB16,49113,545


Others256,535193.51 KB73,47581,214 

 
Operating Systems (Top 10)   -   Full list/Versions   -   Unknown  
 Operating SystemsPagesPercentHitsPercent
Unknown15,108,47999.4 %69,215,54299.6 %
Linux62,0360.4 %240,0760.3 %
Windows21,6510.1 %24,3120 %
Macintosh4,1870 %5,7330 %
iOS7270 %7410 %
Java1320 %1320 %
Unknown Unix system570 %580 %

 
Browsers (Top 10)   -   Full list/Versions   -   Unknown  
 BrowsersGrabberPagesPercentHitsPercent
Debian APTNo15,014,23298.7 %68,715,84398.8 %
Unknown?119,1570.7 %693,9780.9 %
Google ChromeNo55,0600.3 %64,9390 %
FirefoxNo6,8770 %8,3430 %
OperaNo6860 %8150 %
MS Internet ExplorerNo6590 %9130 %
SafariNo4100 %4480 %
NetscapeNo1110 %1500 %
IPhone (PDA/Phone browser)No500 %510 %
MozillaNo150 %4360 %
 Others 120 %6780 %

   
Connect to site from  
OriginPagesPercentHitsPercent
Direct address / Bookmark / Link in email...15,186,74599.9 %69,474,69399.9 %
Links from an Internet Search Engine - Full list
- Google707 / 742
- Baidu37 / 40
- Microsoft Bing11 / 14
7550 %7960 %
Links from an external page (other web sites except search engines) - Full list
- https://link.csdn.net108108
- https://blog.csdn.net/m0_46366547/article/details/1358804442727
- http://baidu.com1818
- https://rt-net.jp/mobility1414
- http://localhost:1035066
- https://blog.csdn.net/autolabor/article/details/13585975055
- https://95mkr.tistory.com/entry/ROS344
- https://answers.ros.org/question/400396/the-repository-jammy-rel...44
- https://answers.ros.org/question/410123/ubuntu-2204-ros2-humble-...33
- https://medium.com/@createwithabd/ros-noetic-installation-guide-...33
- Others5050
2420 %2420 %
Unknown Origin10 %10 %

    
Search Keyphrases (Top 10)
Full list
 
23 different keyphrasesSearchPercent
the repository http //packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu noble release does not have a release file.312 %
failed to fetch http //packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu/pool/main/r/ros-melodic-openni-launch/ros-melodic-openni-launch_1.11.1-0bionic.20210505.052042_amd64.deb 404 not found [ip 140.211.166.134 80]14 %
the repository http //packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu jammy release does not have a release file. n updating from such a repository can t be done securely and is therefore disabled by default.14 %
severalpgw14 %
vote1ce14 %
recordxfn14 %
keepkv514 %
snakeky814 %
greenw7714 %
finger41h14 %
Other phrases1352 %

 
Search Keywords (Top 10)
Full list
 
59 different keywordsSearchPercent
release109 %
http76.3 %
a65.4 %
repository65.4 %
not65.4 %
does54.5 %
the54.5 %
have54.5 %
file.54.5 %
//packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu43.6 %
Other words5246.8 %

   
Miscellaneous  
Miscellaneous  
Hits on favicon.ico0 / 843,959 Visitors0 %

 
HTTP Status codes  
HTTP Status codes*HitsPercentBandwidth
404Document Not Found (hits on favicon excluded)2,738,75188.2 %681.77 MB
416Requested range not valid299,0179.6 %108.36 MB
206Partial Content44,7331.4 %7.07 GB
503Server busy12,0560.3 %4.20 MB
301Moved permanently (redirect)8,6750.2 %2.45 MB
400Bad Request4260 %120.65 KB
408Request Timeout190 %5.29 KB
403Forbidden100 %2.59 KB
* Codes shown here gave hits or traffic "not viewed" by visitors, so they are not included in other charts.



Advanced Web Statistics 7.4 (build 20150714) - Created by awstats (plugins: geoip)